Commonly Confused Words

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—Bite-sized advice for better business writing—

November 5, 2019 

Commonly Confused Words

"If the English language made any sense, 'lackadaisical' would have something to do with a shortage of flowers."

—Doug Larson

Fun fact: The Oxford English Dictionary defines more than 600,000 English words.

Not-so-fun fact: All of us are bound to misuse words from time to time, especially words that sound alike or are closely related.

Today, we’ll review some of the most commonly confused words and remind you how to use them correctly.

anxious, eager

Anxious suggests one is "worried"; eager implies one is "happily anticipating" something.

He is anxious about the possible results of the loan application.

We are eager to break ground on the project.

discreet, discrete

Discreet means "showing good judgment, unobtrusive"; discrete means "distinct or separate." (Remember the difference by noting that the t in discrete separates the e’s.)

The reprimand was handled in a discreet, professional manner.

The policy requires employees to keep personal social-media accounts discrete from business social-media accounts.

farther, further

Farther refers to physical distance; further means "to a greater extent" when referring to time, quantity, or degree.

My departure gate is farther away than I expected.

They looked further into the matter but discovered that no rules had been broken.

fewer, less

Fewer refers to countable units; less refers to quantity, value, or degree.

Fewer complaints mean less customer dissatisfaction.

imply, infer

Imply means "to suggest, hint, or communicate indirectly"; infer means "to deduce or conclude from."

I did not mean to imply that I would ignore the problem.

The customer incorrectly inferred that I was ignoring the problem.

real, very, really

Real is usually used as an adjective meaning “authentic.” Do not use it in place of the adverbs very or really.

Our personal coaching delivers real results.

She worked very hard for the promotion.

He did not really comprehend the seriousness of the accident.

Editor's Note

The misused words featured above often slip past grammar and spell-checkers. Careful proofreading will help you flag and correct misused words in your writing. To catch common errors, we recommend creating and updating a list of words that befuddle you (the “Notes” app on your phone is a great place for this) and referring to your list when you proofread.

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Play the Editor!

Copy the sentences into a document and correct any misused words. If no words are misused, make no change.   

  1. Our personal accountant mentioned she received less tax-filing requests this year.
  2. Grant is anxious for a much-needed vacation.  
  3. This class goes much farther into computer coding than my last class.
  4. To make fewer work for everyone, we must first break up the project into discreet parts. 
  5. Based on the available evidence, one could imply that staff turnover is imminent. 
  6. I thought going through the lane for 10 items or less would take fewer time, but I was wrong.
  7. These company outings are real important for employee morale.
  8. Ninety-eight cents out of every dollar is used to make a real impact on wetlands preservation.
  9. We have to be discrete about the classified information. 
  10. I'm not certain what you mean. Are you inferring that you need farther support?
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Get More Support

Refer to the free Write for Business Guide for a complete list of commonly confused word pairs.

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Editor's Recommendation

  1. Our personal accountant mentioned she received fewer tax-filing requests this year.
  2. Grant is eager for a much-needed vacation.  
  3. This class goes much further into computer coding than my last class.
  4. To make less work for everyone, we must first break up the project into discrete parts. 
  5. Based on the available evidence, one could infer that staff turnover is imminent. 
  6. I thought going through the lane for 10 items or fewer would take less time, but I was wrong.
  7. These company outings are very important for employee morale. (Really is also a correct replacement.)
  8. Ninety-eight cents out of every dollar is used to make a real impact on wetlands preservation. (No change is needed.)
  9. We have to be discreet about the classified information. 
  10. I'm not certain what you mean. Are you implying that you need further support?