Using Commas to Help Readers Find Subjects

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—Bite-sized advice for better business writing—

April 23, 2019 

Using Commas to Help Readers Find Subjects

“The road to success is not easy to navigate, but with hard work, drive, and passion, it's possible to achieve the American dream.”

— Tommy Hilfiger

You probably know that commas signal a pause when speaking or reading, but did you know commas can also help readers discover a sentence's subject? Watch this brief video to learn three ways to use commas to signal new subjects and improve the clarity and correctness of your writing.

Watch Using Commas on YouTube

 

To recap what you learned in the video, use commas . . .

After introductory words

To determine the cause of excessive carbon levels, I investigated sources of combustion in the warehouse.

In compound sentences

Our gas-powered lift trucks are in good working condition, but their carbon emissions exceed federal standards.

Around interrupters

Replacing the gas-powered lifts with electric lifts, which have become a standard of modern warehouses, is the best solution for reducing carbon emissions.

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Play the Editor!

Copy the following sales letter into a document and add commas where needed. (Scroll to the bottom to see our recommendation.)  

Dear Mr. Larson: 

Last week I visited Agnes Moore superintendent of Clark Elementary School District in Vermillion, South Dakota. She and I discussed the parking-lot pavement project that Asphalt Specialists will do for her school in July. 

Agnes also mentioned that you as owner of Larson and Kilgrew Wholesale Plumbing perform maintenance at the school district and may be looking to repair a deteriorating parking lot in front of your property. 

I’m writing to let you know that Asphalt Specialists will be in your area this August and we would like you to consider us for your parking-lot repair work. Because our equipment and crews are already scheduled to be in your area we could offer you our quality work at a very competitive price.  

Next week I will follow up with your office about inspecting your parking lot and offering you an estimate for service but if you would like an estimate sooner than then please contact me at your convenience. 

Sincerely, 

Al Lempke   
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Get More Support

Explore Write for Business online to help you decide when and where to use commas.

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Editor's Recommendation

Dear Mr Larson: 

Last week, I visited Agnes Moore, superintendent of Clark Elementary School District in Vermillion, South Dakota. She and I discussed the parking-lot pavement project that Asphalt Specialists will do for her school in July. 

Agnes also mentioned that you, as owner of Larson and Kilgrew Wholesale Plumbing, perform maintenance at the school district and may be looking to repair a deteriorating parking lot in front of your property. 

I’m writing to let you know that Asphalt Specialists will be in your area this August, and we would like you to consider us for your parking-lot repair work. Because our equipment and crews are already scheduled to be in your area, we could offer you our quality work at a very competitive price. 

Next week, I will follow up with your office about inspecting your parking lot and offering you an estimate for service, but if you would like an estimate sooner than then, please contact me at your convenience. 

Sincerely, 

Al Lempke

Editor's Note: 

As a general rule, always include a comma after an introductory phrase of four or more words. In the sample letter, you'll notice we also included commas after two short introductory phrases (Last week and Next week). Commas are optional after short introductory phrases like these. We included them to clearly mark the subject of each sentence. You may decide to leave out commas in similar occurrences, but be consistent.